Since its founding at the 1989 AEA meetings, EPS/ECAAR has maintained a strong presence at the American Economic Association/Allied Social Sciences Association's annual conference. This page lists our activities at the conference since 1996. Click a year below to jump to that year's information.
Chicago, Illinios |
||
Session 1: The Economics of Regime Change |
||
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
||
Friday, January 6, 2012 10:15am, Swissotel, Vevey 2 |
||
Panel Moderator: Richard Kaufman (Bethesda Research Group) audio |
||
| Participants: | ||
| Local Foundations for Strong Democracy, Roger Myerson (University of Chicago) audio | ||
| Who Profited from the Iraq War?: An Analysis of the Beneficiaries of Iraq and Afghanistan War Spending, Linda Bilmes (Harvard University) audio | ||
| The Economics of the Arab Spring: A View from Egypt, Hamid Ali (American University in Cairo) audio | ||
| Women in Transitions, Jennifer Olmsted (Drew University) audio | ||
| Report from the South American Spring, Mark Weisbrot (Center for Economic and Policy Research) audio | ||
Session 2: Sustainability |
||
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
||
Saturday, January 8, 2011 2:30pm, Sheraton, Majestic Ballroom |
||
Panel Moderator: James K. Galbraith (Economists for Peace and Security) |
||
| Participants: | ||
| Sustainable Growth, Robert J. Gordon (Northwest University) audio | ||
| Sustainable Energy, J. Barkley Rosser (James Madison University) audio | ||
| Sustainable Jobs, Allen Sinai (Decision Economics) audio | ||
| Sustainable European Union, Richard Parker (Harvard University) audio | ||
Annual Dinner |
||
![]() ![]() |
||
Honoring Robert J. Gordon |
||
|
||
Speakers: |
||
Robert Hall audio |
||
Richard Parker audio |
||
Allen Sinai audio |
||
Robert Gordon, "Is U. S. Economic Growth Over? Lessons from the Long 20th Century" audioRobert Gordon's Powerpoint presentation |
||
![]() ![]() ![]() Discussion audio |
||
Eric Brynjolfsson audio |
||
Robert Coen audio |
||
Mark Watson audio |
||
Ian Dew-Becker audio |
||
Alan Blinder audio |
||
James Poterba audio |
||
"Rebuttal" by Robert Gordon audio |
||
Final words by James Galbraith audio |
||
| Host Committee: Ernst Berndt The Honorable Rebecca Blank Alan Blinder Andrew F. Brimmer Erik Brynjolfsson Robert Coen Seth Ditchik Barry Eichengreen Alexander Field Benjamin Friedman Robert Hall Dwight Jaffee Dale Mortensen Bill Nordhaus James Poterba Valerie Ramey Matthew Shapiro Robert Solow James Stock Mark Watson |
||
With special thanks to Robert J. Gordon here are some more photos of the dinner.Bob Hall (Photo by Jim Poterba) Jamie Galbraith, RJG, Jim Poterba (all sharing in common that they were Marshall Scholars) (Photo by Erik Brynjfolfsson) |
||
Denver, Colorado |
||
![]() ![]() ![]() |
||
Session 1: Pressures on the Paradigm |
||
Friday, January 7, 2011 2:30pm, Sheraton, Plaza Court |
||
Chair: James Galbraith (EPS Chair, University of Texas at Austin) |
||
| Participants: | ||
| William K. Black (University of Missouri, Kansas City) audio (begins about a minute and a half into his talk) | ||
| L. Randall Wray (University of Missouri, Kansas City; Levy Institute) audio | ||
| Marshall Auerback (Madison Street Partners) audio | ||
| Jan Kregel (Levy Institute of Bard College) audio | ||
| Audio of James Galbraith's response to speakers and questions from audience | ||
![]() ![]() |
||
Session 2: Afghanistan – Costs and Exit Strategies |
||
Saturday, January 8, 2011 2:30pm, Sheraton, Majestic Ballroom |
||
Chair: Michael Intriligator, University of California at Los Angeles and Economists for Peace and Security |
||
| Participants: | ||
| Roger Myerson (University of Chicago) | ||
| Lloyd J. Dumas (University of Texas, Dallas) | ||
| James K. Galbraith (University of Texas, Austin) | ||
| Nake Kamrany (University of Southern California) | ||
| Audio recording | ||
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
||
Annual Dinner |
||
Honoring EPS Trustee Thomas Schelling |
||
| Chaired by Michael Intriligator | ||
| Host Committee: Clark Abt, Robert Aumann, Olivier Blanchard, Tyler Cowen, Avinash Dixit, Daniel Ellsberg, Charles Glaser, Morton Halperin, Robert Jervis, Edward Kaplan, R. Duncan Luce, Martin McGuire, Roger Myerson, Richard Parker, George Quester, Martin Shubik, Allen Sinai, A. Michael Spence, Kip Viscusi, Peyton Young, and Richard Zeckhauser | ||
| Speakers: Roger Myerson, Peyton Young, and George Quester | ||
| Talk by Dr. Schelling, "Where Are the Terrorists' Nuclear Weapons?" | ||
| Audio recording | ||
Atlanta, Georgia |
||
Session 1: Global Financial Crises: Past, Present and Future |
||
| Chair: Allen Sinai, Decision Economics, Inc. | ||
Participants: |
||
Michael Intriligator, University of California at Los Angeles and Milken Institute |
||
Simon Johnson, Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
||
Benjamin M. Friedman, William Joseph Maier Professor of Political Economy, Harvard University |
||
| Allen Sinai, Decision Economics, Inc. Financial Crises in Historical Context and Future Prospects |
||
| Joseph Stiglitz, Columbia University What Went Wrong and What Can Go Right? |
||
Session 2: A Roundtable on |
||
| Chair: Michael Intriligator, University of California at Los Angeles and Economists for Peace and Security | ||
Participants: |
||
Andrew Brimmer, Brimmer & Co. |
||
| Woodrow W. Clark, Clark Strategic Partners, UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change | ||
| Eban Goodstein, Bard Center for Environmental Policy | ||
| Clark Abt, Brandeis University | ||
Annual Dinner |
||
| Honoring EPS Trustee Andrew Brimmer |
||
| Speakers: | ||
| James K. Galbraith, Allen Sinai, Joseph E. Stiglitz, Mahmood Zaidi, James A. Brox | ||
San Francisco, California |
||
Session 1: Inequality: Economic, Fiscal and Financial, and Societal Dimensions |
||
| Chair: Allen Sinai, Cheif Global Economist, Decision Economics, Inc. | ||
Participants: |
||
James K. Galbraith, Professor of Economics, Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Policy, University of Texas - Austin |
||
Robert J. Gordon, Professor of Economics, Northwestern University and NBER |
||
Benjamin M. Friedman, William Joseph Maier Professor of Political Economy, Harvard University |
||
| David A. Smith, Chief Economist, House Financial Services Committee, House of Representatives, U.S. Congress Inequality and the Making of Monetary Policy |
||
| Discussants: Inequality, Fiscal and Financial Aspects, Policy Possibilities | ||
|
||
Panel Session 2: A Roundtable on |
||
| Chair: Michael Intriligator, University of California at Los Angeles and Economists for Peace and Security | ||
Participants: |
||
Kenneth Arrow, Stanford University |
||
| Lawrence Klein, University of Pennsylvania | ||
| William Sharpe, Stanford University | ||
| Michael Lind, New America Foundation | ||
| Linda Bilmes, Harvard University | ||
Annual Dinner |
||
| EPS's 20th Anniversary Gala Dinner | ||
| Honoring our founding co-chairs, Kenneth Arrow and Lawrence Klein |
||
| Speakers: | ||
| James K. Galbraith, Michael Intriligator, Gavin Wright, Roger Myerson, Brent Hickman, Allen Sinai | ||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chicago, Illinois |
||
Panel Session 1: Out How: The Economics of Ending Wars, a roundtable discussion |
||
| Chair: James K. Galbraith | ||
Participants: |
||
Thomas Schelling, University of Maryland |
||
| Clark Abt, Abt Associates Out How: The Political Economy of Ending Wars, in Iraq and Others |
||
| Linda Bilmes, Harvard University SOLDIERS RETURNING FROM IRAQ AND AFGHANISTAN: The Long-term Costs of Providing Veterans Medical Care and Disability Benefits |
||
| Col. Douglas Macgregor, Center for Defense Information, Straus Military Reform Project Talking Points |
||
| Michael Intriligator, University of California at Los Angeles, Milken Institute Ten Points |
||
Panel Session 2: Women and War, a joint session with IAFFE |
||
| Chair: Lourdes Beneria, Cornell University | ||
Participants |
||
Jennifer Olmsted, Drew University |
||
| Derya Demirler, Istanbul Bilgi University Gender Dimensions of Internal Displacement in Turkey |
||
| Marguerite Waller, University of California - Riverside Is Post-conflict Forced Prostitution a War Crime? |
||
| Discussant: Elisabetta Addis, Universita degli Studi di Sassari | ||
EPS Annual Dinner honoring William Baumol |
||
| Dr. Baumol's address at the EPS dinner: Falling Prices and Terrorism: The Tragic Obverse of the Cost Disease |
||
| Speakers: | ||
| Ralph Gomory; Andrew Schotter; Robert Litan; Alan Blinder | ||
To view a video of the speakers and Dr. Baumol's talk, please click here With special thanks to Robert J. Gordon here are some photos of the dinner.William J. Baumol |
||
Boston, Massachusetts |
||
Roundtable 1: Grand Strategy against Global Poverty (Joint EPS/AEA Roundtable) |
||
| James Galbraith | ||
| Richard Jolly | ||
| Amartya Sen | ||
| Joseph E. Stiglitz | ||
| Nancy Birdsall, Center for Global Development Any Global Strategy Against Poverty Will Be Misguided and Incomplete (.pdf) |
||
Panel Session 1: The Costs of War (Joint EPS/AEA session) |
||
| Michael Intriligator, Chair | ||
William Nordhaus, Yale University |
||
| Steven Kosiak, Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessment The Cost of US Operations in Iraq & Afghanistan (.pdf) |
||
| Joseph Stiglitz, Columbia University & Linda Bilmes, Harvard University The Economics of War and its Aftermath: The Case of Iraq (.pdf) |
||
| Bassam Yousif, Indiana State University What Went Wrong? Coalition Policies and Current Economic Conditions in Iraq (.pdf) |
||
Roundtable 2: Economics and National Security (Joint AEA/EPS Roundtable) |
||
| James Galbraith | ||
| Michael D. Intriligator | ||
| Carl Kaysen | ||
| Richard Kaufman | ||
| Gareth Porter | ||
| Robert Solow | ||
EPS Annual Dinner honoring Amartya K. Sen |
||
| Speakers: | ||
John Lord Eatwell, Joseph E. Stiglitz, Sir Richard Jolly, Lawrence H. Summers, Diana Strassman, Nancy Birdsall With special thanks to Robert J. Gordon here are some photos of the dinner.Amartya Sen and his wife applauding a speaker |
||
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |
|
Session 1: The Abuse of Power |
|
|
|
| Presiding: James K. Galbraith, Chair of the EPS Board | |
| Bill Black, University of Texas at Austin Control Fraud and the Corporation |
|
| James K. Galbraith, University of Texas at Austin The Corruption of Economics and Policy |
|
| Robert Prasch, Middlebury College Shifting Risk: The Divorce of Risk from Reward in American Capitalism |
|
| Janine Wedel, George Mason University Corruption and Transition in Russia and Eastern Europe |
|
Session 2: The Economics of Space Weapons |
|
|
|
| Presiding: John Steinbruner | |
| John Steinbruner, University of Maryland The Significance of Space Policy |
|
| Nancy Gallagher, University of Maryland The Commercial Space Industry: Incentives for Cooperation and Competition |
|
| Jeffrey Lewis, University of Maryland Space Weapons Spending in the FY05-06 Budget |
|
| Martin Malin, American Academy of Arts and Sciences Pathways to Cooperation in Space |
|
Session 3: The Political Economy of Military Spending (URPE/EPS/AEA) |
|
| Saturday, January 8 2:30pm Lowes Hotel Room Washington C |
|
| Presiding: Gerald Epstein, University of Massachusetts at Amherst | |
| Lloyd J. Dumas, University of Texas at Dallas Bang for the Buck: The Real Effects of Military Spending on Security |
|
| James K. Galbraith, University of Texas at Austin The Costs of War |
|
| David Gold, New School University Does Military Spending Stimulate or Retard Economic Performance? Revisiting an Old Debate with New Data |
|
Ann Markusen, University of Minnesota
|
|
Annual Dinner |
|
in honor of Robert M. Solow With special thanks to Robert J. Gordon here are some photos of the dinner.Allen and Lee Sinai and Bob Solow |
|
San Diego, California |
|
Session 1: International Peacemaking and Peacekeeping |
|
|
|
| Presiding: Jurgen Brauer, Augusta State University and Vice-Chair of the ECAAR Board | |
Lloyd J. Dumas, University of Texas, Dallas |
|
| E. Wayne Nafziger, Kansas State University Peacemaking as Preventing War Before It Starts: Economics Development, Inequality, and Humanitarian Emergencies |
|
Session 2: Real Homeland Security |
|
|
|
| Presiding: Michael Intriligator, UCLA and Vice-chair of ECAAR | |
| Cindy Williams, MIT Security Systems Program Paying for the War n Terrorism: US Security Choices |
|
| Clark Abt, Abt Associates Economic Impacts of Bio & Nuclear Terrorist Attacks |
|
| Masahiro Kawai, Tokyo University and Chair of ECAAR - Japan Economics Integration, Peace and SEcurity in East Asia |
|
| Todd Sandler, University of Southern California Terrorism and Game Theory, co-authored with Daniel G. Arce |
|
Annual Dinner |
|
in honor of Kenneth Arrow |
|
Washington, D.C |
|
Session 1: The New War Economy |
|
|
|
Roundtable with: |
|
| James K. Galbraith, University of Texas at Austin, and Chair of ECAAR | |
Lawrence J. Korb, Council on Foreign Relations |
|
| Ann Markusen, University of Minnesota | |
| Richard F. Kaufman, Bethesda Researhc Council | |
Session 2: Conflict and Development |
|
|
|
Roundtable with: |
|
| Lloyd J. Dumas, University of Texas at Dallas | |
| Nancy Birdsall, Center for Global Development | |
| Susan Willett, UNIDIR | |
| William J. Easterly, Institute for International Economics | |
| Jurgen Brauer, Augusta State University | |
Annual Dinner |
|
in honor of Robert S. McNamara |
|
Atlanta, Georgia |
|
Session 1: National Missile Defense and New Global Threats |
|
|
|
Presiding: Michael D. Intriligator, UCLA and Vice-chair of ECAAR |
|
| Panelists: | |
| Kenneth J. Arrow, Stanford University | |
| James K. Galbraith, University of Texas at Austin, and Chair of ECAAR | |
Walter Isard, Cornell University |
|
| Discussants: | |
| Lloyd J. Dumas, University of Texas at Dallas | |
| Richard F. Kaufman, Bethesda Research Council | |
Session 2: New Developments in Economics and Security: Globalization, Industrial Restructuring, and Development |
|
|
|
Presiding: Richard Jolly |
|
| Panelists: | |
| Lawrence R. Klein, University of Pennsylvania | |
| David Gold, New School | |
| Ron Smith | |
| John Levering | |
| Claude Serfati | |
Discussants: |
|
| Jurgen Brauer, Augusta University | |
| J. Paul Dunne, University of the West of England | |
| Solomon Polachek, University of New York at Binghamton | |
| Todd Sandler | |
Annual Dinner |
|
in honor of Lawrence R. Klein |
|
New Orleans, Louisiana |
|
Session 1: Towards a Post-Washington Consensus on Development and Security |
|
|
|
Presiding: James K. Galbraith, University of Texas at Austin, and Chair of ECAAR, and Isabelle Grunberg, Secretary of ECAAR |
|
| Panelists: | |
Zephirin Diabre |
|
| John Eatwell International Financial Liberalization: The New Wisdom |
|
| Inge Kaul, UN Development Programme Changing Development Paradigms |
|
Jose Antonio Ocampo |
|
| Joseph E. Stiglitz Revisiting "More Instruments and Broader Goals" |
|
Session 2: Military Economics in the New US Adminstration |
|
|
|
Presiding: Lawrence R. Klein |
|
| Panelists: | |
Lloyd J. Dumas, University of Texas at Dallas |
|
| Kenneth Flamm Is the US Defense Industry in Crisis? |
|
| James K. Galbraith, University of Texas at Austin Air Power after KosovoL What Should We Learn? |
|
| Steven I. Schwartz The Full Costs of US Nuclear Weapons |
|
| Discussant: | |
| Richard K. Kaufman | |
Annual Dinner |
|
Keynote Speaker Joseph E. Stiglitz Saturday, January 6 |
|
Boston, Massachusetts |
|
Session 1: Peace Economics and Military Industry |
|
|
|
Presiding: Jurgen Brauer, Augusta State University |
|
| Panelists: | |
Jacques Fontanel and Fanny Coloumb, Espace Europe, Universite Pierre Mendes, France |
|
| Akira Hattori, Fukuoka University, Japan Reconstruction and Rationalization of the Japanes Defense Industry |
|
| J. Paul Dunne, Middlesex University Business School Restructiruing of the British Defence Industry |
|
Binyam Solomon, Statistics Canada |
|
| Discussants: | |
| Charles Anderton, Holy Cross College | |
| Lloyd J. Dumas, University of Texas at Dallas | |
Session 2: Russia: New Policies to Stabilize the Economy and Stimulate Growth |
|
|
|
Presiding: Michael D. Intriligator, UCLA and Vice-chair of ECAAR |
|
| Panelists: | |
Alexander Nekipelov, Russian Academy of Sciences |
|
| Marshal Goldman, Wellesley College and Harvard University Private Property and Privatization in Russia: Is a Retrofit Possible? |
|
| Joseph Stiglitz and David Ellerman, World Bank On New directions in the Russian Reforms |
|
| Discussant: | |
| Douglass North, Washington University | |
| Michael D. Intriligator, UCLA | |
Annual Dinner |
|
Keynote Speaker John Kenneth Galbraith and Amartya Sen Saturday, January 8 |
|
Session 1: Economic Inequality, Militarizaton and Democracy |
|
Presiding: Lloyd J. Dumas, University of Texas at Dallas |
|
| Panelists: | |
Lloyd J. Dumas, University of Texas at Dallas |
|
| James K. Galbraith, University of Texas at Austin and Chair of ECAAR Militarization and Inequality around the World: An Empirical Analysis |
|
| Aedil Suarez, Chair of ECAAr - Chile The Economic and Social Implications of the Armed Forces in Chile |
|
Alexei Izyumov, with co-authors, Leonid Kosals and Rosalyn Ryvkina |
|
| Discussants: | |
| Dietrich Fischer | |
| John Tepper Marlin | |
Session 2: Investment and Structural Consequences of Military Spending |
|
Presiding: Lawrence Klein, University of Pennsylvania |
|
| Panelists: | |
Michael Oden |
|
| David Saal A Reassessment of teh Impact of Defense R&D and Procurement on Manufacturing Productivity Growth |
|
| Ken Flamm From Endgame to N-Game: Scale Eonomics vs. Competition in the Military Aircraft Industry |
|
| Discussants: | |
| Robert Coen | |
| Frank Lichtenberg | |
| Ann Markusen (session organizer) | |
Session 3: Kindleberger's Challenge: International Public Goods |
|
| Presiding: Jurgen Brauer | |
| Panelists: | |
| John Garrett Disarmament as an International Public Good |
|
| David Gold Does Military R&D Generate Public Goods? |
|
| Ruben Mendez Peace and War as International Public Goods and Bads |
|
| Todd Sandler Global and Regional Public Goods: a Prognosis for Collective Action |
|
| Discussants: | |
| Martin McGuire | |
| Jurgen Brauer (session organizer) | |
Session 4: The Natural Rate and the NAIRU after Four Years of Low Inflation |
|
This session was organized by Robert Eisner, before his death during 1998 |
|
Presiding: James Tobin |
|
| Panelists included: | |
| John Tepper Marlin, ECAAR Treasurer | |
Robert Coen, Northwestern University |
|
| Discussants: | |
| James K. Galbraith | |
| James Tobin | |
A Remebrance of Robert Eisner |
|
Monday, January 4 Brief statements made by James K. Galbraith, Richard Leone, Kenneth Arrow, James Tobin, Rebecca M. Blank, Alan B. Krueger, Robert J. Scwhartz, Mary Eisner Eccles |
|
Chicago, Illinois |
|
Session 1: Arms Trade Analysis, Policy, Trade-Offs, and Trends |
|
|
|
| Presiding: Solomon Polachek | |
| Ron Smith An Evaluation of Arms Trade Models |
|
| Iwan Azis Critical Trade-Offs in Amrs Trade Policies |
|
| Nancy Happe Recent Trends in Arms Trade |
|
| Discussant: | |
| Judith McDonald | |
Session 2: Demilitarization in Africa: Prospects, Obstacles and Opportunities |
|
|
|
| Presiding: Robert J. Schwartz | |
| Lloyd J. Dumas Democratizations, Demilitarization, and Development: Building Peace and Prosperity in Africa |
|
| Terry Crawford-Browne Apartheid and the South African Armaments Industry |
|
| Jurgen Brauer and Andre Roux south African Pre- and Post-Apartheid Military Expenditures: An Empirical Look |
|
| Discussants: | |
| Dietrich Fischer | |
| Sharron L. McPherson | |
Session 3: What is the Future of the Russian Economy? |
|
|
|
| Presiding: Michael D. Intriligator | |
| Marshall I. Goldman Can You Get There from Here: What Must Russia Do to Become a Normal Market Economy? |
|
| Padma Desai Russia's Economy under a Cloud: Some Silver Linings |
|
| Stanley Fischer and Jorge Marquez-Ruarte The Future of the of the Russian Economy |
|
| Jacques Fontanel and Fanny Coulomb The Armaments Industry and the Future of the Russian Economy |
|
| Discussants: | |
| Kenneth J. Arrow | |
| Stanislav Menshikov | |
| Serguey Braguinsky | |
New Orleans, Louisiana |
|
Session 1: The Marshall Plan Revisited |
|
| Presiding: Robert J. Scwhartz | |
| Panelists: | |
| Thomas Schelling | |
| Yoshikawa Hiroshi | |
| Isabelle Grunberg | |
Session 2: Cost and Revenue Potential for World Government (UN or Equivalent) |
|
| Presetners: | |
| David Felix | |
| Dietrich Fischer | |
| Solomon Polacheck | |
| Walter Isard | |
| Janet Stotsky | |
Session 3: Alternative Routes to a Market Economy |
|
| Presenters: | |
| Michael D. Intriligator | |
| Alan Gelb | |
| Stanislav Menshikov | |
| John Tepper Marlin | |
San Francisco, California |
|
Session 1: Conflict between the Developed and Developing Nations |
|
| Presiding: Walter Isard, Cornell University | |
| Panelists: | |
Iwan Azis, University of Indonesia |
|
| Gustav Ranis, Yale University North/South Conflicts & Their Management |
|
| Discussants: | |
| Wing They Woo, University of California -Davis | |
| Philip Swagel, Northwestern University | |
| Solomon Polachek, State University of New York at Binghamton | |
Session 2: Disarmament and Development: from Military Spending to Social Development Programs (joint session with the AEA) |
|
| Presiding: Robert J. Schwartz, Founder and Trustee of ECCAR | |
| Presenters: | |
| Ahmad Kamal, UN ECOSOC |
|
| Lawrence Klein, University of Pennsylvania | |
| Michael Intriligator, UCLA | |
| Discussants: | |
| Dorrie Weiss, ECAAR's UN Representative | |
| Dietrich Fischer, Pace University | |
Session 3: Recent Progress in Research on Conversion |
|
| Presiding: Ann Markusen, Rutgers University | |
| Presenters: | |
| Jay Stowsky, UC-Berkeley Dual Use Technology Policy: An Evaluation of the Clinton Effort |
|
| Paul Ong, UCLA Defense Downsizing: Consequences and Strategies for Workers |
|
| Dan Flaming, Economic Roundtable Seven Years to Meltdown: Defense Conversion in Los Angeles |
|
| Ann Markusen & Michael Oden, Rutgers University Post-Cold War Conversion: Comparing Los Angeles with St. Louis, Long Island, Seattle, & Northern New Mexico |
|
Session 4: Barriers to a Sustainable Energy Future: Military and Civilian Nuclear Programs |
|
| Presiding: William Weida, The Colorado College | |
| Panelists: | |
| Erik Ferguson, erik Ferguson Associates | |
| Michael Oden, Rutgers University | |
| Jackie Caboasso, Western STates Legal Foundation | |
| Discussant: | |
| Alice Slater, ECAAR | |